Active and Reactive Monitoring's
Active means before it happens, while Reactive means after it has happened.
- Active monitoring provides information on compliance with predetermined standards and can be used as a predictor of future performance.
- Reactive monitoring relies on past data on loss-causing events and therefore only provides a historical picture of performance.
No single measure, by itself, will effectively measure the performance of the organization. while we will be favoring the use of active monitoring, there is still a role for the reactive monitoring of accident and ill-health data.
what is important is to find some factor that can be measured which will related directly to a specific objective in the safety policy, arrangements or control.
A- Active Monitoring Data:
Active monitoring measure if objectives have been achieved.
There is a wide range of data that can be collated to assess health and safety performance, some of which are active - such as the uptake rate for toolbox talks or the completion of risk assessments against the target.
these data cover the extent to which plans and objectives have been set and achieved, and include:
- Specialist Staff.
- Safety Policy.
- Training.
- Extent of Compliance.
- Risk assessments.
- Health and Safety committee meetings.
- Perceptions of management commitment.
B- Reactive Monitoring Data
Other data area reactive, and are typically based on accidents and incidents that have occurred. they include;
- Near misses.
- Damage only accidents.
- lost time accidents..
- fatalities.
- Sickness Absence.
- Health Surveillance.
- Cases of occupational diseases.
- Reportable dangerous occurrences.
- Reportable Major Injuries.
- Three-day, lost-time accidents.
Active Monitoring Techniques
1. Health and Safety Audits
The health and safety audit should be an in-depth, systematic, critical investigation in to all aspects of safety. It needs to include management systems, policy, attitudes, training and practice.
2. Workplace Inspections
A workplace inspection involves someone walking around a part of the premises, looking for hazards or non-compliance with legislation rules or safe practice, and taking notes. The task is made easier and methodical if a checklist is used.
3. Safety Tours
A safety tour follows a predetermined route through the area or workshop and can be conducted by a range of personnel, from works managers to supervisor and safety representatives. Such tours typically last only 15 minutes or so and may be carried out at weekly intervals to ensure that standard of housekeeping are acceptable, gangways and fire exits are unobstructed an hazards are dealt with quickly.
4. Safety Sampling
This is an Organized system of regular random sampling. its purpose is to obtain a measure of safety attitudes and possible sources of accidents, by the systematic recording of hazard situations observed during inspections made along predetermined routes in a factory or on a site.
5. Safety Surveys
A safety survey is a detailed examination of a particular safety aspect. It Could involve, for example, a detailed inspection of all aspects of fire-fighting equipment; examining all the safety devices on machines; or checking all the emergency exits.
6. Climate Surveys
There are techniques to assess an organizations attitude towards health and safety so that improvements can be made.
7. Behavioral Observations
Monitoring the way worker behave ( for example, the use of PPE or the correct driving techniques) is a valuable active monitoring techniques, as it detects issues that can be addressed through behavioral change programs before injuries occur.
8. Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the comparison of an organizations performance to others within the sector or country as a whole. Benchmarking can also be carried out between sites within the same organization to identify strength and weaknesses and therefore develop improvements plans.
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