Key Performance Indicator (KPI) are quantifiable measures that an organization can use to assess the degree to which strategic and operational goals have been met. They focus on aspects of performance that are the most critical for the current and future success of the organization. to be effective they need to be measure frequently, should be easy to understand in terms of corrective action that needs to be taken, and of relevance to the senior management team.
The choice o f KPIs depends on what is important to the organization, but examples that might be used as a measure of health and safety performance include:
- Employee perception of management commitment.
- Number of safety inspections for the month.
- Number of non-conformances with legal or internal standards in safety inspections.
- percentage of attendance at health and safety committee meetings.
- Percentage of health and safety committee recommendations implemented.
- percentage of issues raised by health and safety representatives actioned
- Percentage of staff with adequate occupational health and safety training.
- Total of hours in safety and health trainings in the month
- Lost time due to accidents.
The important point is that the KPIs should related to a significant aspect of health and safety performance; those listed above provide measures of management commitment, and the effectiveness of the inspection system, health and safety committee and the training program. Lost time due to accidents is also included as aa reactive indicator but we will cover the limitations of accident data as a performance indicator.
Leading Indicator
Involve precursors that may lead to an accident, injury or disease. they focus on improving health and safety performance and reducing the probability of serious accidents. They can be used to monitor the effectiveness of the health and safety management system before accidents, incidents and failures happen. they can also be used to prevent or control their occurrence.
Leading Indicators measure activities carried out ot prevent and control injury. Examples include:
- Percentage of required process hazards analyses completed in a required time frame.
- proportion of employees who have access to occupational health services.
- Percentage of tests of safety critical equipment completed within a required time frame.
- Number of field visits and communications carried out.
- Number of observations of behavior and inspections conducted.
- Percentage of required risk assessments carried out.
- Percentage of required training competed.
- Percentage of incidents investigated with corrective actions applied.
leading indicators are focused on future safety performance and continuous improvement. they are proactive in nature and report what is happening on a regular basis to prevent injuries. Consequently they should:
- Be predictive
- Highlight even small improvements in performance.
- Measure positively What is being done, rather than negatively what is falling to be done.
- Generate frequent feedback.
- Make it clear what needs to be done to lead to improvements.
Lagging Indicators
Lagging indicator measure loss events that have already occurred. They quantify an organizations safety performance in terms of past incident statistics such as number of incidents, reported accidents, incidences of disease or failures of systems. Most industries use these indicator as a measure of the outcomes of their management of health and safety. However, they provide insufficient information o to ensure the success of the health and safety management process since they promote reactive rather than proactive management.
Lagging indicator measure a company's incident sin the form of a past accident statistics. Examples include:
- Injury frequency and severity
- Reportable incidents.
- Lost workdays.
- Workers compensation costs.
Lagging indicators are the traditional safety measure used to indicate progress toward compliance with safety rules. They evaluate the overall effectiveness of safety by crudely measuring how many people have been hared o what things have gone wrong. the main limitations of only using lagging indicators of safety performance is that they tell you what has gone wrong, but not how ell the organization is doing at preventing the occurrence of incidents and accidents. the reactionary nature of lagging indicators makes them a poor measure of prevention. A low injury rate can generate complacency when there are still plenty of risk factors in the workplace to contribute future injuries.
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