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Maslow ( Hierarchy of Needs)

 Abraham Maslow suggested five levels of human need, which he arranged in a hierarchy.




The order in which the needs are listed is significant in two ways:
  • It is the order in which they are said to appear in the normal development of the person.
  • It is the order in which they have to be satisfied and if earlier needs are not satisfied, the person may never get around to doing much about the later ones.
From this theory, you might expect that people in a poor society will be mostly concerned with physiological and safety needs, whereas those in an affluent society will manage to satisfy those lower needs in the hierarchy and , in many cases, will be preoccupied with the need for self-actualization. However, Maslow's hierarchy stresses that co-operation can occur only at higher levels between mature individuals, the lower order needs leading to conflict between individuals. Yet, primitive tribes seem to co-operate more than advanced societies, where conflict between individuals is encouraged. This seems to suggest that there may be a flaw in Maslow's analysis.

The need for self-actualization refers to the persons need to develop his or her full potentialities; the meaning varies from person to person, for each has different potentialities. For some, it means achievement in literary or scientific being unduly restrained by social conventions.  'Self-actualizes' are found among professors businessmen, political leaders, artists and house persons.  Not all individuals in any one category are able to achieve self-actualization; many have numerous unsatisfied needs and, because their achievements are merely compensations, they are left frustrated and unhappy in other respects. 

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